All About Diabetes Complications The acute diabetes complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetesMaintaining blood glucose levels which are persistently elevated can result in the several complications associated with diabetes. The complications could be acute or chronic. The acute complications develop over numerous days or weeks. In type 1 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can develop if insulin is omitted or if is insufficient. The person becomes quite symptomatic and might call for immediate treatment or in much more severe cases admission to hospital.
In type 2 diabetes the development of hyper-osmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) could take numerous weeks with the patient becoming growing unwell with blood glucose levels greater than 50 mmols/l. Both acute complications are potentially fatal and also the patient may need hospitalisation. Diabetic feet damage might be chronic but active lesions usually need urgent medical assistance in a hospital setting.
Statistics of the long-term diabetes complications The both
diabetes type 1 complications as well as the type 2 have a lot of prevention of this is among the major objectives of managing diabetes. There's strong evidence showing how the severity of microvascular complications is associated with the duration and degree of hyperglycaemia. Numerous medical analysis studies have shown that the higher usual blood sugar, the higher the risk of damage to the little arteries and nerves.
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT, 1993) which studied glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes indicated that maintaining blood sugar levels within 4 - 9 mmols/L reduced the incidence of micro-vascular complications by 35 - 75 %. The landmark study in type 2 diabetes, the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS, 1998) also demonstrated up to 25% reduction in microvascular endpoints. Both studies proved that with intensive treatment the risk of new complications had been reduced and also the risk of progression of existing complications was decreased.
The microvascular complications consist of retinopathy (eye illness), nephropathy (kidney disease) and neuropathy (nerve damage which leads to diabetic foot disease). The macrovascular complications are cardiovascular disease, cerebro-vascular illness and peripheral vascular illness. The data show that up to 50% of individuals newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes already show evidence of complications. For both type 1 and type 2 diabetes the statistics illustrate that the incidence of complications are related to duration of diabetes and degree of hyperglycaemia.
It's for these reasons, patients are 'treated to target' ie treatments are initiated and adjusted so that the targets of blood glucose, blood pressure and lipid are maintained so as to reduce the risk of new complications and retard progression of existing
diabetes complications. Intensive treatments versus conventional treatments in both studies emphasised the difference in endpoints. In clinical practice, these findings have guided treatment possibilities for the management of diabetes complications.